El desentrenamiento deportivo en el boxeo

La preparación del boxeador conlleva cambios y adaptaciones fisiológicas para garantizar las cargas físicas, psíquicas y sociales a las que han sido sometidos sus practicantes. Finalizada dicha etapa aparece el desentrenamiento deportivo, cuya naturaleza es eminentemente pedagógica y consiste en desinstalar los componentes que garantizaron la acumulación de cargas durante su etapa como boxeador activo, hasta alcanzar los niveles de un practicante sistemático normal de la Cultura Física. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar una estrategia pedagógica sustentada en un modelo de igual naturaleza para el desentrenamiento potenciado con la equino-interacción-profiláctica, a partir del uso de ejercicios con caballos como elemento de cambio. Se utilizaron como métodos empíricos y técnicas la observación de las sesiones de deportivo, el análisis de documentos, la encuesta a exboxeadores, entrenadores, médicos deportivos, funcionarios y expertos seleccionados, así como los talleres de opinión crítica y socialización entre entrenadores de boxeo. Como resultados se obtuvo un modelo pedagógico del que se derivó una estrategia. Estos aportes fueron constatados mediante la aplicación parcial de la estrategia en un combinado deportivo en Majibacoa, Las Tunas y se demostró su factibilidad para ser generalizada. El artículo que se ofrece tiene como objetivo socializar resultados de la investigación realizada sobre el desentrenamiento deportivo en el boxeo potenciado con el equino-interacción-profiláctica. De manera conclusiva, los aportes teórico y práctico demostraron el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación y la solución del problema científico.

A preparação do boxeador implica em mudanças e adaptações fisiológicas para garantir as cargas físicas, psicológicas e sociais às quais o boxeador foi submetido. Ao final dessa etapa, surge o destreinamento esportivo, cuja natureza é eminentemente pedagógica e consiste em desinstalar os componentes que garantiram o acúmulo de cargas durante sua etapa como boxeador ativo, até atingir os níveis de um praticante normal sistemático de Cultura Física. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em projetar uma estratégia pedagógica baseada em um modelo semelhante de destreinamento aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática, baseada no uso de exercícios com cavalos como elemento de mudança. Os métodos e técnicas empíricos utilizados foram a observação de sessões esportivas, a análise de documentos, pesquisas com ex-pugilistas, treinadores, médicos esportivos, oficiais e especialistas selecionados, bem como workshops de opinião crítica e socialização entre treinadores de boxe. Como resultado, foi obtido um modelo pedagógico do qual derivou uma estratégia. Essas contribuições foram confirmadas por meio da aplicação parcial da estratégia em uma equipe esportiva em Majibacoa, Las Tunas, e sua viabilidade de generalização foi demonstrada. O objetivo deste artigo é socializar os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre o destreinamento esportivo no boxe, aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática. Em conclusão, as contribuições teóricas e práticas demonstraram o cumprimento do objetivo da pesquisa e a solução do problema científico.

The preparation of the boxer entails physiological changes and adaptations to guarantee the physical, psychological and social loads to which its practitioners have been subjected. Once this stage is completed, sports detraining appears, the nature of which is eminently pedagogical and consists of uninstalling the components that guaranteed the accumulation of loads during his time as an active boxer, until reaching the levels of a normal systematic practitioner of Physical Culture. The objective of this work was to design a pedagogical strategy based on a model of the same nature for detraining enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylactics, based on the use of exercises with horses as an element of change. Observation of sports sessions, document analysis, a survey of former boxers, coaches, sports doctors, officials and selected experts, as well as critical opinion and socialization workshops among boxing coaches, were used as empirical methods and techniques. As results, a pedagogical model was obtained from which a strategy was derived. These contributions were verified through the partial application of the strategy in a sports complex in Majibacoa, Las Tunas and its feasibility to be generalized was demonstrated. The article offered aims to socialize results of the research carried out on sports detraining in boxing enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylaxis. Conclusively, the theoretical and practical contributions demonstrated the fulfillment of the research objective and the solution of the scientific problem.

Deformidad en equino del tobillo en edades pediátricas

La deformidad en equino del tobillo ocurre como consecuencia de múltiples entidades. Aunque la primera línea de tratamiento es la conservadora, las modalidades quirúrgicas son necesarias en la mayoría de los enfermos pediátricos. Estas últimas son las más empleadas por zonas del complejo músculo-tendinoso, en especial los alargamientos fraccionados y en forma de Z-plastia. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar y brindar información sobre los distintos procedimientos quirúrgicos en la corrección de la deformidad en equino del tobillo. En la búsqueda y análisis de la información se emplearon las siguientes palabras: equinus deformity, equino varus, equino valgus; drop foot deformity y Achilles tendon Z-lengthening. A partir de la información obtenida, se realizó unala revisión bibliográfica de un total de 187 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, Medscape y Medline, mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote. De ellos se utilizaron 30, 28 de los últimos cinco años. Se hace referencia a la anatomía esencial de la zona, al igual que a la prueba de Silfverskiöld. Con relación a la imagenología, se describe la técnica para calcular la distancia del tendón a alargar. Se mencionan las técnicas quirúrgicas de alargamiento fraccionado, por Z-plastia, trasposición anterior del tendón de Aquiles y la hemiepifisiodesis.

Equinus deformity of the ankle occurs as a consequence of multiple entities. Although the first line of treatment is conservative, surgical modalities are necessary in most pediatric patients. The latter are the most used for areas of the muscle-tendinous complex, especially fractional and Z-plasty-shaped lengthening. The aim of this work is to update and provide information on the different surgical procedures in the correction of equinus deformity of the ankle. In the search and analysis of the information, the following words were used: equinus deformity, equinovarus, equinovalgus; drop foot deformity and Achilles tendon Z-lengthening. Based on the information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 187 articles published in PubMed, Hinari, SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, Medscape and Medline databases was carried out using the search manager and reference administrator EndNote. Of these, 30 were used, 28 of the last five years. Reference is made to the essential anatomy of the area, as well as to the Silfverskiöld test. In relation to imaging, the technique to calculate the distance of the tendon to be lengthened is described. Fractional lengthening surgical techniques are mentioned, by Z-plasty, anterior transposition of the Achilles tendon and hemiepiphysiodesis.

The prevalence of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis and the role of interincisal angulation in disease severity in a representative cohort of horses in Switzerland.

INTRODUCTION: Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is an increasingly diagnosed degenerative dental disease in aged horses. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of EOTRH in horses admitted to the Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, for dental procedures from 2004 to 2017. A secondary goal was to measure and compare interincisal angles on two-dimensional radiographs of horses with EOTRH to determine whether the interincisal angle is associated with age and severity of the disease. Radiographs were assessed for the presence of lysis and/or hypercementosis, and the number and position of the teeth affected were determined. Each tooth was also evaluated using the modified classification system introduced by Rehrl et al. (2018), in which stage 0 indicates no radiographic abnormalities and stage 3 denotes severe abnormalities. The overall stage was defined by the tooth with the most severe lesions. The interincisal angle was determined in horses that had suitable radiographs. The medical records of 838 horses admitted for dental procedures were evaluated, and 85 (10,1 %) had clinical evidence of EOTRH. The mean interincisal angle was 136,06 ° in horses with mild to moderate EOTRH and 135,10 ° (SD = 11,90 °) in severely affected patients. In conclusion, the angle measurements on lateral radiographs were highly reproducible. However, the interincisal angle was not associated with age or the severity of EOTRH. The interincisal angle and the disease pattern were not correlated.

INTRODUCTION: La résorption et l'hypercémentose odontoclastique des dents chez le cheval (EOTRH) est une maladie dentaire dégénérative de plus en plus diagnostiquée chez les animaux âgés. L'objectif principal de cette étude rétrospective était de déterminer la prévalence de l'EOTRH chez les chevaux admis à l'Hôpital équin de l'Université de Zurich pour des interventions dentaires entre 2014 et 2017. Un objectif secondaire était de mesurer et de comparer les angles inter-incisifs sur des radiographies bidimensionnelles de chevaux atteints d'EOTRH afin de déterminer si cet angle est associé à l'âge et à la gravité de la maladie. Les radiographies ont été évaluées pour la présence de lyse et/ou d'hypercémentose, et le nombre et la position des dents affectées ont été déterminés. Chaque dent a également été évaluée à l'aide du système de classification modifié introduit par Rehrl et al. (2018), dans lequel le stade 0 indique l'absence d'anomalies radiographiques et le stade 3 indique des anomalies graves. Le stade global a été défini par la dent présentant les lésions les plus sévères. L'angle inter-incisif a été déterminé chez les chevaux qui avaient des radiographies appropriées. Les dossiers médicaux de 838 chevaux admis pour des interventions dentaires ont été évalués et 85 (10,1 %) présentaient des signes cliniques d'EOTRH. L'angle inter-incisif moyen était de 136,06° chez les chevaux présentant une EOTRH légère à modérée et de 135,10° (écart-type = 11,90°) chez les patients gravement atteints. En conclusion, les mesures d'angle sur les radiographies latérales étaient très reproductibles. Cependant, l'angle inter-incisif n'était pas associé à l'âge ou à la sévérité de l'EOTRH. L'angle inter-incisif et le profil de la maladie n'étaient pas corrélés.

Unilateral Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism Brace as an Attractive Alternative of Congenital Talipes Equino-Varus Treatment - a Preliminary Report.

Ponseti method of CTEV treatment includes use of a foot orthosis, compliance with this can be a challenge. A new brace- Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism brace (ADM, C-Prodirect) was introduced to address this. The aim of the study was to assess whether the new ADM brace improves compliance and prevents relapse in children with corrected clubfoot. Eight children with unilateral CTEV who did not tolerate the standard brace were included in the study. All children had been previously treated with Ponseti casting, Achilles tenotomy and Ponseti AFO Abduction Brace (C-Prodirect®). The mean age of children included was 27 months. Parents' satisfaction with the brace was assessed using Client Satisfaction with Device (CSD) questionnaire. Parents reported better tolerance of the brace by the child in six out of eight cases. ADM brace is viable alternative in maintaining correction of unilateral idiopathic CTEV when compliance to standard AFO abduction brace is poorly tolerated.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Horses from communities of the Mapuche native people, Araucanía Region, Chile.

BACKGROUND: There are no studies of potential zoonotic diseases in Mapuche communities' horses. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in horses of the Mapuche communities. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Faecal samples from 100 randomly selected horses (n = 100) were taken from rural Mapuche communities from four municipalities from the Araucanía Region. These samples were processed with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and grouped by sex, age and municipality. RESULTS: The general prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 67.0% (n = 67). The prevalence was 51.0% (n = 51) in males and 49.0% (n = 49) in females, and there is no gender association to the presentation of Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence by municipality was 60.0%, 80.0%, 64.0% and 64.0% in Curarrehue, Lonquimay, Padre las Casas and Teodoro Schmidt, respectively. The above shows no significant association between the sector and the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence by age was 95.4% of horses tested positive for Cryptosporidium between birth and 6 years of age. About 27.3% of horses were tested positive in the age group between 7 and 10 years. There was no presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the age group older than 11 years, showing a significant relationship between the age of the animal and the presence of Cryptosporidium (P Ë‚ 0.05). MAIN LIMITATIONS: The sample analysis did not specifically identify the type of Cryptosporidium, and it was not possible to evaluate the zoonotic risk in the Mapuche communities. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptosporidium spp. is present in working horses in Mapuche communities, with a 67.7% general prevalence, and there is a significant association between this parasite and the age of the horses, being higher in the age group between 0 and 6 years, with a prevalence of 95.4%. There may be a potential zoonotic risk in the Mapuche communities.

HISTORIAL: No hay estudios sobre enfermedades potencialmente zoonoticas en caballos de las comunidades Mapuche. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium en caballos de las comunidades Mapuche. DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Estudio transversal. MÉTODOS: Muestras fecales de cien caballos (n = 100) seleccionados al azar, fueron recolectadas en comunidades Mapuche de cuatro municipalidades de la Región de la Araucanía. Estas muestras fueron procesadas con la técnica de tinción Ziehl-Neelzen modificada y agrupadas por sexo, edad y municipalidad. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia general de Cryptosporidium spp fue de 67.0% (n = 67). La prevalencia fue 51.0% (n = 51) en machos y 49.0% (n = 49) en hembras, y no hay asociación de genero con la presentación de Cryptosporidium spp. La prevalencia por municipalidad fue de 60.0%, 80.0%, 64.0%, 64.0% en Curarrehue, Lonquimay, Padre las Casas y Teodoro Schmidt respectivamente. Lo presentado arriba muestra ninguna asociación significativa entre el sector y la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp. La prevalencia por edad fue de 95.4% en caballos que resultaron ser positivos a Cryptosporidium entre nacimiento y seis años de edad. 27.3% resultaron ser positivos entre siete y diez años. No hubo presencia de Cryptosporidium spp en el grupo mas grande de caballos mayores a once años, mostrando una relación significativa entre la edad del animal y la presencia de Cryptosporidium (P < 0.05). LIMITACIONES PRINCIPALES: El análisis de muestras no fue especifico para poder identificar el tipo de Cryptosporidium, y no fue posible evaluar el riesgo zoonotico en la comunidades Mapuche. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio concluyeron que existe la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp en caballos de trabajo en las comunidades Mapuche; con un 67.0% de prevalencia, y que hay una asociación significativa entre este parasito y la edad de los caballos, siendo mayor en el grupo etario entre 0 y 6 años, con una prevalencia de 95.4%. Estos resultados pueden inferir que podría haber un riesgo zoonotico potencial en las comunidades Mapuche.

[Heart rate and faecal cortisol metabolites measurements in horses at the Sechseläuten in Zurich]. / Messung von Herzfrequenzen und Kotcortisolmetaboliten bei Pferden am Zürcher Sechseläuten.

INTRODUCTION: The Zurich's Sechseläuten is a traditional festival of the Zurich guilds, in which around 500 horses take part. After a parade through the old town of Zurich, the riders gather at a big square to canter around a burning woodpile topped with an exploding effigy (the «Böögg¼). The level of stress experienced by the horses partaking in this event is subjected to increasing scrutiny. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress load of the horses participating in the Sechseläuten procession more objectively by measuring heart rate and faecal cortisol metabolites. Twenty-three horse-rider pairs were voluntarily recruited from the guilds for participation in the study. For comparison purposes, three sections of the procession were simulated in terms of gait and distance travelled in a normal riding environment during a test day and observed during the Sechseläuten itself 16 days later: Counter march Bahnhofstrasse, parade Limmatquai and parade around the burning «Böögg¼. All horses were equipped with a heart rate measuring system with GPS tracking (Polar Team Pro®, Polar Electro Oy, Finland). Faecal samples for measuring cortisol metabolites were taken rectally immediately before and 24 hours after the events. Thirteen of the 23 horses were sedated during the Sechseläuten (Acepromazine, 0,1-0,2 mg/kg p.o.). The differences between the observation periods and groups (sedated/unsedated) were tested by analysis of variance (P.

INTRODUCTION: Le Sechseläuten de Zurich est une fête traditionnelle des guildes zurichoises à laquelle participent environ 500 chevaux. Après un défilé dans la vieille ville de Zurich, les cavaliers se rassemblent sur une grande place pour galoper autour d'un tas de bois en feu surmonté d'une effigie qui explose (le «Böögg¼). Le niveau de stress des chevaux participant à cet événement fait l'objet d'une attention croissante. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer plus objectivement le niveau de stress des chevaux participant au cortège du Sechseläuten en mesurant la fréquence cardiaque et les métabolites fécaux du cortisol. Vingt-trois couples cheval-cavalier ont été recrutés volontairement dans les guildes pour participer à l'étude. À des fins de comparaison, trois sections du cortège ont été simulées en termes d'allure et de distance parcourue dans un environnement équestre normal lors d'une journée de test et observées ensuite pendant le Sechseläuten lui-même 16 jours plus tard: Contre-marche sur la Bahnhofstrasse, cortège sur le Limmatquai et chevauchée autour du «Böögg¼ en feu. Tous les chevaux ont été équipés d'un système de mesure de la fréquence un cardiomètre avec suivi GPS (Polar Team Pro®, Polar Electro Oy, Finlande). Des échantillons fécaux destinés à mesurer les métabolites du cortisol ont été prélevés par voie rectale immédiatement avant et 24 heures après les événements. Treize des 23 chevaux ont été mis sous sédation pendant le Sechseläuten (Acépromazine, 0,1­0,2 mg/kg p.o.). Les différences entre les périodes d'observation et les groupes (sédaté/non-sédaté) ont été testées par analyse de variance (P.

Inmunoterapia con anticuerpos F(ab')2 neutralizantes anti- SARS-CoV-2 de suero equino en el tratamiento de pacientes ambulatorios con neumonía bilateral por COVID-19 / Immunotherapy with anti-SARS-COV-2 neutralyzing F(ab´)2 antibodies from equine serum in the treatment of out-patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia

Resumen Introducción: La inmunoterapia pasiva es una alternativa terapéutica para los pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se tomó la decisión de realizar una base de datos prospectiva de los pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2, no hipoxémica, tratados de forma ambulatoria en el Hospital de Bolívar, Dr. Miguel Capredoni, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento con suero equino hiperinmune en la reducción de casos graves e internaciones. Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo del período comprendido entre el 26/05/2021 al 28/08/2021, se incluyeron 151 pacientes. Las opciones fueron meprednisona y colchicina asociadas a dos infusiones de suero equino (n = 92) o me prednisona y colchicina durante 10 días por vía oral (n = 59). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en las características poblacionales y comorbilidades entre ambos grupos. El 46% (69) de los pacientes había recibido por lo menos una dosis de vacuna contra COVID-19. Durante el seguimiento el 23% (35) requirió internación, sin diferencias entre el grupo suero equino y el grupo control (p = 0.89). Se observó una tendencia no significa tiva al riesgo de internación prolongada del 15.7%. (Grupo suero equino 38.1% vs. grupo control 53.8%, Fisher Exact test p = 0.41). La mortalidad en el grupo suero equino fue del 3.97% (4), sin observarse diferencias entre ambos grupos. Se observaron diferencias entre los pacientes vacunados y no vacunados, en puntos duros como necesidad de ARM (0% vs. 8% p = 0.001) y muerte (0% vs. 8% p = 0.001). Discusión: Si bien las tasas de internación y muerte fueron menores de lo esperado, la utilización de suero equino hiperinmune en el escenario ambulatorio impresiona no aportar beneficio clínico.

Abstract Introduction: Passive immunotherapy is a therapeutic alternative for patients with COVID-19. Methods: The decision was made to create a prospective database of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, non-hypoxemic, treated on an outpatient basis at the Hospital de Bolívar, Dr. Miguel Capredoni, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy in reducing severe cases and hospitalizations of treatment with hyperimmune equine serum in this subgroup of patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of the period from 05/26/2021 to 08/28/2021, where a total of 151 patients were included. The options were meprednisone plus colchicine associated with two equine serum infusions (n = 92) or oral meprednisone and colchicine for 10 days (59). Results: No differences were observed between the population characteristics and comorbidities between both groups. A 46% (69) of the patients had received at least one dose of vaccine against COVID-19. During follow-up, 23% (35) required hospitalization, with no differences between the equine serum group and the control group (p = 0.89). A non-significant trend of 15.7% was observed for the risk of prolonged hospitalization. (Equine serum group 38.1% vs. control group 53.8%, Fisher Exact test p = 0.41). Mortality between the equine serum group was 3.97% (4), with no differences between the two groups. Differences were observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in hard points such as the need for MRA (0% vs. 8% p = 0.001) and death (0% vs. 8% p = 0.001). Discussion: Although the rate of hospitalization and death were lower than expected, the use of hyperimmune equine serum in the outpatient setting impresses as not providing clinical benefit.

Adaptation and acceptability testing of the Expector® vibration vest in horses / Adaptação e teste de aceitabilidade do colete de vibração Expector® em equinos

The project is based on a test of a thoracic vibration vest prototype, adapted to equines by the Expector® vest's company, on healthy animals. Ten (10) equines were used in the project, male or female, adults, healthy, belonging to FMVZ-USP or private owners. Each animal went through two phases: A and B. Phase A consisted of the placement of the vest without turning on the vibrators, evaluating the animal's acceptability, facility, adaptation to the animal's body, and discomfort due to the vest's use. Phase B included the placement of the vest and turning on the vibrators, evaluating the animal's acceptability, reaction to the vibrators, and, if present, to which velocity/type of vibration, and the presence of adverse effects. Both phases were done three times on separate days. The behavioral parameters: "placement facility" and "adaptation to the animal's body" were observed. In phase B, the response to the vibration was classified from 0 to 5. The answer was evaluated on low and high intensities for the four vibration types. The heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were also evaluated at the beginning and end of each repetition. The animals' HR was kept on normal, except for one animal on one day of the test. Concerning the RR, most animals presented moments of tachypnea. On the experiment's first day, 100% of grade Great to "facility of placement" and "adaptation to the animal's body" was obtained, but on days 2 and 3 this value dropped to 90% due to alterations in one animal's responses. Regarding vibration's responses, 77.3% were evaluated as no discomfort (grade 0), 17.1% little discomfort (grade 1), 3.3% medium discomfort (grade 2), 0.4% great discomfort (grade 3), 0.21% extreme discomfort (grade 4), and 1.6% non-acceptance of the vest (grade 5). Some possible changes on the prototype were also verified to be suggested to the manufacturer, such as the change of the buckle and the use of wireless control. Vest use appears promising for equine respiratory physiotherapy, considering the acceptability was good, and its efficiency on the expectoration of diseased animals must be tested.

O projeto consistiu no teste de um protótipo de colete de vibração torácica, adaptado aos equinos pela empresa do colete Expector®, em animais saudáveis. Foram utilizados 10 equinos, machos ou fêmeas, adultos, saudáveis, pertencentes à FMVZ-USP e a proprietários particulares. Cada animal passou por duas fases: A e B. A Fase A consistiu na colocação do colete sem ligar os vibradores, avaliando-se a aceitabilidade do animal; facilidade; adaptação ao corpo do animal e incômodo do mesmo à sua presença. Já a Fase B contava com a colocação do colete e funcionamento dos vibradores, avaliando-se a aceitabilidade do animal; reação aos vibradores e, se presente, a qual velocidade/tipo de vibração; presença de reações ou efeitos adversos. As duas fases foram realizadas em triplicata em dias separados. Foram observados os parâmetros comportamentais "facilidade de colocação" e "adaptação ao corpo do animal". Na fase B, a resposta à vibração foi classificada de 0 a 5. A resposta foi avaliada nas intensidades baixa e alta para os quatro diferentes tipos de vibração. Foram avaliadas também as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR) no início e final de cada repetição. A FC dos animais se manteve dentro do intervalo de normalidade, com exceção de um animal em um dia de avaliação. Em relação à FR, a maioria apresentou momentos de taquipneia. No primeiro dia de experimento obteve-se 100% de avaliação Ótima para "facilidade de colocação" e "adaptação ao corpo do animal", mas nos dias 2 e 3 esse valor caiu para 90% devido à alteração na resposta de um animal. Em relação à resposta à vibração, 77,3% das respostas foram avaliadas como nenhum incômodo (nota 0), 17,1% pouco incômodo (nota 1), 3,3% médio incômodo (nota 2), 0,4% muito incômodo (nota 3), 0,21% incômodo extremo (nota 4) e 1,6% não aceitação do colete (nota 5). Foram também verificadas algumas possíveis mudanças no protótipo a serem sugeridas ao fabricante, como mudança do tipo de fivela e uso de controle sem fio. A utilização do colete parece ser muito promissora para a fisioterapia respiratória em equinos, visto que a aceitabilidade foi muito boa, devendo-se agora realizar a avaliação de sua eficácia na expectoração de animais enfermos.(AU)

Equine abortion associated with placentitis caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica / Aborto equino associado a placentite por Pasteurella pneumotropica

Pasteurella pneumotropica is a bacterium that has so far not been described as a cause of placentitis in animals. Two cases of aborted equine fetuses were sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul" (SPV-UFRGS) for anatomopathological examination. Both cases presented suppurative placentitis associated with multiple basophilic bacterial cells. After bacterial isolation and biochemical analysis, P. pneumotropica was identified.(AU)

Pasteurella pneumotropica é uma bactéria que até o momento não foi descrita como causa de placentite em animais. Dois casos de fetos equinos abortados foram enviados ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) para exame anatomopatológico. Em ambos os casos se observou placentite supurativa associada a múltiplas colônias bacterianas basofílicas. Após o isolamento bacteriano e análise bioquímica, indentificou-se P. pneumotropica.(AU)

Equine abortion associated with placentitis caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica / Aborto equino associado a placentite por Pasteurella pneumotropica

Pasteurella pneumotropica is a bacterium that has so far not been described as a cause of placentitis in animals. Two cases of aborted equine fetuses were sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul" (SPV-UFRGS) for anatomopathological examination. Both cases presented suppurative placentitis associated with multiple basophilic bacterial cells. After bacterial isolation and biochemical analysis, P. pneumotropica was identified.

Pasteurella pneumotropica é uma bactéria que até o momento não foi descrita como causa de placentite em animais. Dois casos de fetos equinos abortados foram enviados ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) para exame anatomopatológico. Em ambos os casos se observou placentite supurativa associada a múltiplas colônias bacterianas basofílicas. Após o isolamento bacteriano e análise bioquímica, indentificou-se P. pneumotropica.

Neuropatía peronea secundaria a ganglión extraneural: revisión de literatura y propuesta de tratamiento. Caso no positivo / Peroneal neuropathy caused by an extraneural ganglion: literary review and treatment proposal. A non-positive case

La discopatía lumbar con afectación de raíces lumbares L4 o L5 es una causa frecuente de consulta y, en casos severos, puede ser el origen de dolor neuropático en el miembro inferior y/o de un pie equino por compromiso de la musculatura dorsiflexora del pie. Sin embargo, la causa de esta clínica no siempre está en relación con la patología lumbar ni el sistema nervioso central, siendo vital su correcto diagnóstico diferencial. Este artículo presenta el caso de un paciente de 69 años con una neuropatía compresiva peronea secun­daria a un ganglión, inicialmente interpretada como una radicu­lopatía L5. Este incorrecto enfoque supuso la sobremedicación del paciente, un mal control algésico, la realización de una discectomía L4-L5 innecesaria y una pobre evolución neurológica. Un enfoque diagnóstico correcto y un abordaje tera­péutico precoz habrían supuesto una mayor mejoría clínica e incluso una recuperación neurológica completa del paciente. Por ello, este caso sirve para resaltar: a) el va­lor de la ecografía en neuropatías periféricas como herramienta diagnóstica y pronóstica y el de la ecografía en gangliones como arma diagnóstico-­terapéutica; b) el uso de las pruebas diagnósticas como apoyo a una exploración física exhaustiva, y no como diagnóstico en sí mismas, y c) la importancia de la publicación de casos no positivos para optimizar recursos, evitar repetir errores, reducir el sesgo de publicación y facilitar el inicio de proyectos de investigación.(AU)

Lumbar disc disease with L4 or L5 lumbar root involvement is a common cause of medical attendance. In severe circumstances it can lead to neuropathic pain, weakness and foot drop. However, this clinical presentation is not always related with lumbar or central nervous system pathology, being the differential diagnosis of great importance. It is reported a case of 69-year-old patient with a peroneal nerve entrapment caused by an extraneural ganglion, misdiagnosed as a L5 radiculopathy. This incorrect approach entailed patient overmedication, poor pain control, an unnecessary L4-L5 discectomy, and a poor neurological outcome. In this case, an early diagnosis and therapeutic approach would have meant not only a greater clinical improvement and even a complete neurological recovery. Moreover, this case highlights: a) the value of ecography in periphe­ral neuropathies as a diagnostic and prognostic tool and ultrasounds in ganglions cyst as a diagnostic and therapeutic weapon; b) the use of diagnostic tests to support a thorough physical examination, not as a diagnosis themselves; and c) the importance of non-positive cases publication to optimize resources, avoid repeating mistakes, reduce publication bias and facilitate the start of research projects.(AU)

Descriptive electromyography signals analysis of equine longissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis and gluteus medius muscles during maneuvers used to activate the core / [Análise descritiva do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos longuíssimo dorsal, reto abdominal e glúteo médio de equinos durante a realização de manobras utilizadas para ativação do core]

Maneuvers to activate the equine's core can make a difference in their physical and psychic health. Although these activities are recommended and practiced, there is little research proving their effectiveness. This article aims to describe, through surface electromyography, the occurrences, durations and sequences activity of longissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis and gluteus medius during thoracolumbar flexion (TLF), lumbar and lumbosacral flexion (LLSF), global flexion (GF), which is the combination of TLF and LLSF, and tail traction (TT). Seven healthy adult horses of three different breeds performed five repetitions of these movements for five seconds (sec). Electromyographic activity was captured with non-invasive superficial sensors positioned in the skin regions covering these muscles. The sequence was performed once per animal, muscle activity captured by surface electromyography, data from two replicates of each animal were selected, analyzed on matLab software and data tabulation were described during each maneuver. These maneuvers provoked punctual and transient activation of muscles mentioned above, confirming the ability to activate equine core muscles. However, responses were not standardized, which means there were variations of occurrence, duration and sequence, suggesting that for practical application of those maneuvers it is necessary to perform more repetitions with longer durations to activate more muscles.(AU)

Manobras para ativação da musculatura do core equino podem ser diferenciais para saúde física e psíquica dos animais, sendo recomendadas e praticadas, mas existem poucas pesquisas comprovando a eficácia delas. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever, por meio da eletromiografia de superfície, as ocorrências, as durações e as sequências temporais da atividade muscular do longuíssimo dorsal, do reto abdominal e do glúteo médio durante a realização das manobras de flexão toracolombar, flexão lombar e lombossacra, flexão global (toracolombar e lombossacra) e tração de cauda. Para isso, sete equinos adultos e hígidos de três raças realizaram esses quatro movimentos clássicos para ativar o core equino, com cinco repetições e manutenção do estímulo reflexivo por cinco segundos. Durante a realização, a atividade eletromiográfica foi capturada com a utilização de sensores superficiais posicionados de forma não invasiva em regiões cutâneas referentes a cada músculo. O protocolo completo de manobras foi realizado uma vez por cada animal enquanto a atividade muscular era capturada. Posteriormente, duas repetições de cada animal foram triadas e submetidas ao software matLab para análise. Com base na tabulação dos dados, foram descritas as variáveis eletromiográficas de presença ou ausência de ativação muscular, a duração média dos picos eletromiográficos superiores ao RMS (root mean square) e a sequência da atividade muscular observada durante cada manobra. Essas manobras provocaram ativações pontuais e transitórias nos três músculos, o que confirma a capacidade de excitar músculos do core equino. Contudo, as respostas não foram padronizadas, sugerindo que, na prática dessa atividade, devem-se realizar mais repetições com durações superiores a cinco segundos, a fim de se buscarem maiores ativações.(AU)

Efeitos da nutrição parenteral ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação / Effects of parenteral or enteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses submmited to starvation and refeeding

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral total ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação. Foram utilizados 16 equinos adultos hígidos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, quatro machos e 12 fêmeas, com idade variando entre quatro e 14 anos e peso corporal médio de 248,40 + 2,28 kg, divididos em quatro grupos, quatro animais por grupo: Grupo I (ENTGL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos associada a glutamina; Grupo II (PARGL): Nutrição parenteral total (NPT) associada a glutamina; Grupo III (ENTFL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos; Grupo IV (PARFL): fluidoterapia parenteral. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 4x12 (grupos x tempo de colheita), para cada fase, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Independente do grupo experimental ocorreu redução da motilidade gastrintestinal durante a fase de inanição, mais pronunciada nos grupos PARGL e PARFL. Uma vez restabelecida a alimentação a motilidade gastrintestinal retornou à normalidade.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral or total parenteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses subjected to starvation and refeeding. 16 healthy, mixed-breed adult horses of both sexes, four geldings and 12 mares, with ages ranging from four to 14 years and an average body weight of 248.40 + 2.28 kg, were divided into four groups, four animals per group: Group I (ENTGL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes associated with glutamine; Group II (PARGL): total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated with glutamine; Group III (ENTFL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes; Group IV (PARFL): parenteral fluid therapy. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 4x12 factorial scheme (groups x harvest time), for each phase, and their means compared by the Duncan test at the level of 5% significance. Regardless of the experimental group, there was a reduction in gastrointestinal motility during the starvation phase, which was more pronounced in the PARGL and PARFL groups. Once the food was restored, gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.

Efeitos da nutrição parenteral ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação / Effects of parenteral or enteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses submmited to starvation and refeeding

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral total ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação. Foram utilizados 16 equinos adultos hígidos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, quatro machos e 12 fêmeas, com idade variando entre quatro e 14 anos e peso corporal médio de 248,40 + 2,28 kg, divididos em quatro grupos, quatro animais por grupo: Grupo I (ENTGL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos associada a glutamina; Grupo II (PARGL): Nutrição parenteral total (NPT) associada a glutamina; Grupo III (ENTFL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos; Grupo IV (PARFL): fluidoterapia parenteral. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 4x12 (grupos x tempo de colheita), para cada fase, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Independente do grupo experimental ocorreu redução da motilidade gastrintestinal durante a fase de inanição, mais pronunciada nos grupos PARGL e PARFL. Uma vez restabelecida a alimentação a motilidade gastrintestinal retornou à normalidade.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral or total parenteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses subjected to starvation and refeeding. 16 healthy, mixed-breed adult horses of both sexes, four geldings and 12 mares, with ages ranging from four to 14 years and an average body weight of 248.40 + 2.28 kg, were divided into four groups, four animals per group: Group I (ENTGL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes associated with glutamine; Group II (PARGL): total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated with glutamine; Group III (ENTFL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes; Group IV (PARFL): parenteral fluid therapy. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 4x12 factorial scheme (groups x harvest time), for each phase, and their means compared by the Duncan test at the level of 5% significance. Regardless of the experimental group, there was a reduction in gastrointestinal motility during the starvation phase, which was more pronounced in the PARGL and PARFL groups. Once the food was restored, gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.

Propuesta de abordaje para bloqueo selectivo del nervio tibial en paciente espástico. A propósito de un caso / Proposal for approach to selective tibial nerve block in spastic patient. A propos of a case

El patrón más frecuente de espasticidad en el miembro inferior es el pie equino-varo. En pacientes con daño en el sistema nervioso central y espasticidad severa es frecuente que el tratamiento conservador y la toxina botulínica tipo A presenten un efecto limitado. En estos casos, los bloqueos nerviosos pueden ser de mucha utilidad para decidir nuestra actuación terapéutica. Presentamos un caso clínico como ejemplo de abordaje ecoguiado novedoso para el bloqueo del principal nervio involucrado en este patrón de pie equino-varo como es el nervio tibial, adaptado a la idiosincrasia de los pacientes espásticos y su utilidad para el manejo clínico de la espasticidad (AU)

The most frequent pattern of spasticity in the lower limb is equinovarus foot. Patients with central nervous system injury and severe spasticity, conservative treatment and botulinum toxin type A often have a limited effect. In these cases, nerve blocks can be very useful in deciding our therapeutic action. We present a clinical case as an example of a new ultrasound-guided approach to tibial nerve block, as this is the main nerve involved in equinovarus foot pattern, specific for spastic patients and its usefulness for the clinical management of spasticity (AU)

Granulomatous tracheitis and dermatitis due to Curvularia sp. in a horse: case report / [Traqueíte e dermatite granulomatosas associadas a Curvularia sp. em um equino: relato de caso]

Tracheal fungal infections in horses are rare. This case report describes surgical and clinical management of a filly with a Curvularia sp. infection within the trachea and skin that caused severe intraluminal granulomas and cutaneous nodules, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole and surgical excision.(AU)

Infecções fúngicas traqueais em equinos são raras. Este relato de caso descreve condutas clínicas e cirúrgicas em uma égua com infecção por Curvularia sp. na traqueia e na pele, causando granulomas intraluminais severos e nódulos cutâneos, respectivamente. O animal foi tratado com sucesso com itraconazol e exérese cirúrgica.(AU)

Omentum as non-strangled inguino scrotal hernia content in stallion: case report / [Omento como conteúdo de hérnia inguino-escrotal não estrangulada em garanhão: relato de caso]

Non-strangulated acquired hernias in stallions are rare, especially when the herniated content is not intestinal loops. Thus, the aim of the current study is to describe a case of acquired non-strangulated inguinoscrotal hernia in a stallion, whose herniated content was the omentum. The patient was a Criollo stallion with history of rhabdomyolysis, laminitis and bilateral scrotal volume increase observed in the left scrotal region. The animal presented pain in both thoracic limbs, abnormal blood test, especially hypoproteinemia, and mild pain during palpation in the left inguinal ring region. Hydrocele secondary to hypoproteinemia was suspected. After admission, the animal showed signs of acute abdomen, which were clinically reversed. With this, the animal was subjected to ultrasound examination of the scrotal region, whose findings suggested non-strangulated inguinal hernia, although the content could not be identified. Surgical treatment was chosen in order to identify the herniated content and remove the left testicle. Access to the affected scrotum was performed, in which the presence of fluid and a portion of the omentum was observed surrounding the testis and adhering to it. The animal was discharged after he recovered from the surgery and from laminitis. During the breeding season, the stallion remained with a herd of mares for natural mating. After 15 months of surgery, the animal was reassessed and showed no active signs of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the remaining testis. On this occasion, a pregnancy diagnosis was also performed, and all the mares were pregnant. It is concluded that the presence of omentum as a herniated content does not represent a surgical emergency but can make the reproductive prognosis reserved. In addition, removal of the affected testicle can benefit the spermatogenesis of the remaining testicle.(AU)

As hérnias adquiridas não estranguladas em garanhões são raras, principalmente quando o conteúdo herniado não é de alças intestinais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um caso de hérnia inguino escrotal adquirida e não estrangulada em garanhão, cujo conteúdo herniado era composto pelo omento. Foi atendido um garanhão da raça Crioula com histórico de rabdomiólise, laminite e aumento de volume escrotal bilateral, evidenciado na região escrotal esquerda. O animal apresentava dor nos membros torácicos, alterações na avaliação sanguínea, destacando-se a hipoproteinemia, e demonstrava dor leve à palpação na região do anel inguinal esquerdo. Suspeitou-se de hidrocele secundária a hipoproteinemia. Após a internação, o animal apresentou sinais de abdômen agudo, revertidos clinicamente. Com isso, realizou-se ultrassonografia da região escrotal, cujos achados sugeriram hérnia inguinal não estrangulada, sem que o conteúdo pudesse ser identificado. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, com o intuito de identificação do conteúdo herniado e remoção do testículo esquerdo. Foi realizado acesso à bolsa escrotal afetada, na qual se observou presença de líquido e de uma porção do omento envolvendo o testículo e aderido a ele. O animal recebeu alta após restabelecimento da cirurgia e da laminite. Na propriedade, durante temporada reprodutiva, o garanhão permaneceu com uma manada de éguas para realização de monta natural. Passados 15 meses da cirurgia, o animal foi reavaliado e não demonstrou sinais ativos de processo inflamatório e degenerativos no testículo remanescente. Nessa ocasião, também foi realizado diagnóstico de gestação e todas as éguas encontravam-se prenhes. Conclui-se que a presença de omento como conteúdo herniado não representa uma emergência cirúrgica, mas pode tornar o prognóstico reprodutivo reservado. Ainda, a remoção do testículo afetado pode trazer benefícios à espermatogênese do remanescente.(AU)

[Proposal for approach to selective tibial nerve block in spastic patient. A propos of a case]. / Propuesta de abordaje para bloqueo selectivo del nervio tibial en paciente espástico. A propósito de un caso.

The most frequent pattern of spasticity in the lower limb is equinovarus foot. Patients with central nervous system injury and severe spasticity, conservative treatment and botulinum toxin type A often have a limited effect. In these cases, nerve blocks can be very useful in deciding our therapeutic action. We present a clinical case as an example of a new ultrasound-guided approach to tibial nerve block, as this is the main nerve involved in equinovarus foot pattern, specific for spastic patients and its usefulness for the clinical management of spasticity.

Equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3: a report of an outbreak in northeastern Brazil / Exantema coital equino causado pelo alphaherpesvirus equídeo tipo 3: relato de um surto no nordeste do Brasil

Equine coital exanthema is a venereal infectious disease poorly reported in horses in Brazil and was never described in the northeastern region of the country. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3, occurred in a herd of horses at the semiarid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Main clinical signs consisted of anorexia, hiporexia, fibrinous or purulent secretion in the penis mucosa and vagina. Two mares presented mild to minimal lesions that consisted of scars in the mucosa of the vagina and in the perivulvar region. In a stallion the disease consisted of severe, multifocal, umbilicated-exanthematous ulcers of approximately 1cm in diameter on the penis mucosa. Other areas where ulcers and crusts were focally observed included the skin of the scrotum and on the lips and mucocutaneous junctions of the oral cavity. Histologically, the main lesion consisted of multifocal severe ulcerative and fibrinous necrotizing balanoposthitis and mild multifocal necrotizing, lymphocytic dermatitis in the lips and scrotum. The equide alphaherpesvirus 3 DNA was amplified in blood samples and penis mucosa using the PCR technique. This is the first report of molecular diagnosis of equine coital exanthema affecting horses in northeastern Brazil. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the epidemiology and the importance of this herpetic disease in the country.(AU)

O exantema coital equino é uma doença infecciosa venérea pouco relatada em equinos no Brasil e nunca descrita na região Nordeste do país. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um surto de exantema coital equino causado pelo alphaherpesvirus equídeo 3, que ocorreu em um haras na região semiárida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em anorexia, hiporexia, secreção fibrinosa ou purulenta na mucosa do pênis e vagina. Duas éguas apresentavam lesões discretas que consistiam em cicatrizes na mucosa da vagina e na região perivulvar. Em um garanhão, a doença consistia em úlceras umbilicadas-exantematosas severas, multifocais, de aproximadamente 1 cm de diâmetro na mucosa do pênis. Outras áreas onde úlceras e crostas foram observadas focalmente incluíram a pele do escroto, lábios e junções mucocutâneas da cavidade oral. Histologicamente, as principais lesões consistiam em balanopostite multifocal ulcerativa e necrosante fibrinosa grave e dermatite linfocítica necrosante multifocal leve nos lábios e escroto. O DNA do alphaherpesvirus equídeo tipo 3 foi amplificado em amostras de sangue e mucosa do pênis pela técnica de PCR. Este é o primeiro relato de diagnóstico molecular de exantema coital equino afetando cavalos no nordeste do Brasil. Novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de investigar a epidemiologia e a importância dessa doença herpética no país.(AU)

Equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3: a report of an outbreak in northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Equine coital exanthema is a venereal infectious disease poorly reported in horses in Brazil and was never described in the northeastern region of the country. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3, occurred in a herd of horses at the semiarid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Main clinical signs consisted of anorexia, hiporexia, fibrinous or purulent secretion in the penis mucosa and vagina. Two mares presented mild to minimal lesions that consisted of scars in the mucosa of the vagina and in the perivulvar region. In a stallion the disease consisted of severe, multifocal, umbilicated-exanthematous ulcers of approximately 1cm in diameter on the penis mucosa. Other areas where ulcers and crusts were focally observed included the skin of the scrotum and on the lips and mucocutaneous junctions of the oral cavity. Histologically, the main lesion consisted of multifocal severe ulcerative and fibrinous necrotizing balanoposthitis and mild multifocal necrotizing, lymphocytic dermatitis in the lips and scrotum. The equide alphaherpesvirus 3 DNA was amplified in blood samples and penis mucosa using the PCR technique. This is the first report of molecular diagnosis of equine coital exanthema affecting horses in northeastern Brazil. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the epidemiology and the importance of this herpetic disease in the country.

RESUMO: O exantema coital equino é uma doença infecciosa venérea pouco relatada em equinos no Brasil e nunca descrita na região Nordeste do país. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um surto de exantema coital equino causado pelo alphaherpesvirus equídeo 3, que ocorreu em um haras na região semiárida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em anorexia, hiporexia, secreção fibrinosa ou purulenta na mucosa do pênis e vagina. Duas éguas apresentavam lesões discretas que consistiam em cicatrizes na mucosa da vagina e na região perivulvar. Em um garanhão, a doença consistia em úlceras umbilicadas-exantematosas severas, multifocais, de aproximadamente 1 cm de diâmetro na mucosa do pênis. Outras áreas onde úlceras e crostas foram observadas focalmente incluíram a pele do escroto, lábios e junções mucocutâneas da cavidade oral. Histologicamente, as principais lesões consistiam em balanopostite multifocal ulcerativa e necrosante fibrinosa grave e dermatite linfocítica necrosante multifocal leve nos lábios e escroto. O DNA do alphaherpesvirus equídeo tipo 3 foi amplificado em amostras de sangue e mucosa do pênis pela técnica de PCR. Este é o primeiro relato de diagnóstico molecular de exantema coital equino afetando cavalos no nordeste do Brasil. Novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de investigar a epidemiologia e a importância dessa doença herpética no país.